UNAIR NEWS – Animal bites can happen at any time and in any setting—whether at home, in the surrounding environment, or while traveling. These bites are not limited to wild animals; even domesticated pets, such as cats, dogs, hamsters, otters, and other tamed species, can cause injuries. Regardless of the victim’s background—whether an ordinary individual, an animal handler, or even a public figure—failing to properly treat an animal bite can result in severe infections, including rabies, tetanus, sepsis, and other complications.
Dr. Kurnia Alisaputri, SpPD, a lecturer at UNAIR’s Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences (FIKKIA), warns that the risk of animal bites is increasing as human interaction with various species grows. Whether at home or during travel, individuals must exercise caution and avoid underestimating the potential risks associated with animal bites. Zoonotic pathogens may be transmitted through these bites, making it essential to understand proper treatment methods to prevent infections and serious health issues.
“We cannot always determine the type of microorganisms residing in the biting animal. There is a possibility of zoonotic infections being transmitted to the victim,” she explained.
Wash wound immediately with running water
The first step after an animal bite is to thoroughly rinse the wound under running water. If available, using soap during the cleaning process is advisable. This helps eliminate bacteria from the animal’s saliva and other contaminants that could cause infection. Applying a non-corrosive antiseptic, such as iodine, can further help eliminate harmful pathogens.
“While cleaning the wound, the victim should gently open any puncture wounds to allow thorough irrigation, which helps flush out pathogens,” explained dr. Kurnia, an Internal Medicine Specialist at Blambangan Regional General Hospital in Banyuwangi.
Once the wound has been cleaned, seek medical care at the nearest healthcare facility as soon as possible. If the bite has resulted in a deep or torn wound, cover it with a clean cloth to prevent further contamination during transportation to the hospital.
Seek medical attention without delay
The crucial window for treating an animal bite is within the first three hours. Studies suggest that nearly 100% of infections can be prevented when wounds receive timely treatment. In cases of snake bites, immediate medical intervention is even more critical. During this period, healthcare professionals will evaluate the wound and determine if the patient requires anti-venom, a rabies vaccine, or rabies immunoglobulin injections, particularly if the bite came from an animal known to carry rabies.
“A rabies vaccine can be administered twice, on days 0 and 3, if the patient has previously been vaccinated against rabies. However, for unvaccinated individuals, the vaccine schedule includes doses on days 0, 3, 7, and 14, with an additional dose on day 28 for immunosuppressed patients,” she stated.
To reduce these risks, dr. Kurnia urges pet owners to ensure that their animals receive regular rabies vaccinations. Additionally, individuals in high-risk professions—such as those frequently exposed to zoonotic diseases—should consider getting vaccinated. When traveling to rabies-endemic regions, preventive measures such as vaccination and avoiding contact with high-risk animals are essential. A well-prepared and health-conscious approach to travel will contribute to a safer and more enjoyable experience.
Author: Azhar Burhanuddin
Editor: Ragil Kukuh Imanto
