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This study aims to determine the effect of surfactant concentration on Quercetin SLM as a potential carrier of respiratory diseases, especially ones resulting from oxidative stress injury. Quercetin is a natural antioxidant with high activity. SLM was formed with 5% compritol 888 ATO as a lipid and different concentrations of poloxamer 188 as a surfactant.

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a significant concern in livestock management, necessitating effective vaccination programs to protect cattle. Bali cattle, an important breed in Indonesia, are no exception. A recent study conducted by researchers from the National Artificial Insemination Centre (NAIC) in Singosari and Universitas Airlangga in Surabaya sought to determine whether FMD vaccination

Many therapies to treat cancer through chemotherapeutic medicines have been developed, such as cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil. Regardless, as a side effect of the chemotherapeutic drug, this treatment affected normal tissue, resulting in inappropriate drug distribution and rapid metabolism before reaching the targeted tumor tissue. Chemotherapy is a clinical technique that offers a therapeutic

The first case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in humans was discovered in Wuhan City, China. This disease is caused by SARS-CoV-2. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2020, COVID-19 is the third disease caused by a coronavirus, spreading faster and more extensively than SARS and MERS. Studies show that COVID-19 patients admitted to

Various pulping methods, such as Kraft, sulfite, and soda, have been adopted to produce cellulose from lignocelluloses. Pulping methods such as semi-chemical, sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide, and organosolv and sulfite acid have been employed in the time past. However, the chemical method has been used extensively to isolate cellulose from plant biomass, and the

Stroke is a disease that affects many people in the community. According to data from the World Stroke Organization’s (WSO) Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2022, stroke is the world’s second most prevalent cause of death and the third most common cause of disability. The estimated global cost of stroke has increased significantly, with a 70%

Antibiotic resistance is becoming one of the most critical health threats worldwide. It’s a silent crisis, brewing within us, often unnoticed until it’s too late. This issue is not only about the misuse of antibiotics but also involves the complex ecosystem of bacteria residing in our gut. Recent research conducted in Indonesia sheds light on

Tuberculosis (TB) has become a global problem, especially in developing countries. More than 10 million people in the world suffered due to TB in 2019, with India as the highest contributor in this number (26%), followed by Indonesia in second place at 8.5% and China in third place at 8.4%. Spinal TB accounts for about

Kidney disease is an issue in world health with high medical costs and chronic kidney disease has become a global problem because the number of cases continues to increase yearly, nationally and globally. The data in 2018 of Basic Health Research (Riskedas) show an increase in cases of chronic kidney disease in Indonesia at the

The fructose examination is one of the biochemical tests used to diagnose the cause of male infertility. It is not a routine test, but it is a useful supplemental test to provide information on specific clinical conditions, that is done after routine testing ejaculate analysis. According to World Health Organization (WHO) ejaculate analysis laboratory guidelines