UNAIR NEWS – New research on microplastics in the human body continues to reveal alarming findings. In a study conducted in the Gresik region, a researcher and lecturer from Universitas Airlangga’s Faculty of Medicine reported the presence of microplastics not only in waste-sorting workers but also in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women, as well as in human blood and urine. Dr. Lestari Sudaryanti, dr., M.Kes., stated that samples were collected from waste-sorting workers in three locations: the Ngitik landfill, Bawean, and Wringin Anom.
In an interview on Monday (Nov. 24, 2025), she explained that the first phase of the research focused on workers at Ngitik, Wringinanom, and Bawean, while the second examined amniotic fluid samples from pregnant women treated at community clinics and hospitals in Gresik. This phase was conducted in partnership with the Wonjin NGO from South Korea, which assisted in analyzing blood and urine samples.
“For the amniotic fluid, we gathered 48 samples, and all of them tested positive for microplastics,” she said. She added that microplastics were also detected in urine, with particle counts varying among samples. The measurements were conducted under a microscope to determine the number of particles per milliliter.
Microplastics detected alongside heavy metals and plastic-related chemicals
Dr. Sudaryanti noted that full identification results from South Korea are still pending, but early findings indicate that the microplastics largely belonged to the phthalate group. Preliminary tests additionally revealed the presence of chemical compounds such as naphthalene, fluorine, pyrene, and styrene, as well as heavy metals including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni).
“Flexible plastics often contain significant amounts of phthalates, especially single-use plastics,” she explained. She also pointed out that heavy metals may adhere to plastics as stabilizers, allowing them to enter the body together with microplastic particles.
From oxidative stress to chronic illness
To trace how microplastics enter amniotic fluid, the research team also analyzed maternal blood samples. These samples were sent abroad in the form of plasma and whole blood, as they were more suitable for shipping than amniotic fluid.
Scientifically, microplastic exposure can trigger oxidative stress and inflammation, which then disrupt the body’s metabolism, including hormone regulation. “Plastics have estrogen-like effects, so they can increase the risk of estrogen-related conditions, such as PCOS,” she explained.
She added that microplastics enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. In the respiratory system, they can accumulate in the alveoli and contribute to conditions such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Developing research also shows that microplastic buildup can interfere with insulin and metabolic processes, potentially raising the risk of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. “Based on objective measurements of female waste-sorting workers, obesity rates reached 48 percent, and another 17 percent were classified as overweight,” she reported.
How microplastics travel through body: From air to vital organs
Dr. Sudaryanti explained that microplastics can circulate through the bloodstream and reach vital organs, including the brain. Some studies have even shown that microplastics are capable of crossing the blood–brain barrier.
Microscopic observations revealed that microplastics appear in several forms, including fibers, filaments, and microbeads. “Microbeads are often found in skincare products such as facial cleansers and acne treatments,” she said.
She further explained that microplastics enter the human body through various environmental pathways, from cloud condensation, rainfall, and plant uptake to the food chain through plankton and fish.
To help reduce their effects, she recommended consuming foods rich in fiber and antioxidants. “We can try to lessen the impact of plastics circulating in our bloodstream. Since oxidative stress plays a major role, antioxidants are especially important,” she noted.
Impact on infants: Amniotic fluid testing positive for microplastics
The fact that all 48 amniotic fluid samples contained microplastics raises serious concern. Dr. Sudaryanti explained that Malon DLDH testing showed elevated levels in some samples, although correlation studies with microplastic particle counts are still underway.
“Babies swallow amniotic fluid, so there will certainly be an impact,” she said. However, she stressed that further research, including animal studies, is needed to determine more specific effects. In this study, most babies had normal birth weights, though several cases of low birth weight were recorded.
She also shared preventive measures for people at higher risk of microplastic exposure, such as those working near landfills. “They must use protective equipment, masks, and practice proper handwashing. Regular health monitoring is also essential. Because higher rates of obesity and excess nutrition are common among these women, their increased vulnerability to plastics can carry risks during pregnancy. Babies exposed to oxidative stress in the womb will also experience its effects on their metabolism,” Dr. Sudaryanti concluded.
Author: Tsabita Nuha Zahidah
Editor: Khefti Al Mawalia
