UNAIR NEWS – Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ISPA) continue to pose a serious health threat, particularly in densely populated and industrialized areas. Recognizing this challenge, a group of students from Universitas Airlangga’s (UNAIR) Faculty of Vocational Studies (FV) conducted a research project inspired by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study investigates the use of essential oils extracted from lemon peels (Citrus limon) and lavender flowers (Lavandula angustifolia) as an environmentally sustainable alternative therapy for ISPA.

ISPA as public health concern

ISPA are highly contagious diseases, especially in densely populated communities, and remain a leading cause of death in many developing countries. They account for over 30 percent of all infectious disease cases. Their high transmission rates are largely due to aerosol-spread bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

“ISPA isn’t just mild illness that resolves on their own. Without proper treatment, it can lead to complications and significantly worsen the infectious disease burden,” said Nayla Aziza Dwigusfita, a member of the research team.

While antibiotics are typically used to treat ISPA, improper and excessive use has contributed to rising antibiotic resistance. “This trend exacerbates treatment challenges, prolongs illness, and drives up healthcare costs,” she explained.

Essential oils as a natural and sustainable solution

The research introduces a new therapeutic approach using plant-based aromatherapy. Lemon essential oil is rich in limonene, while lavender oil contains linalool and linalyl acetate—natural compounds with known antibacterial effects. Laboratory testing showed that the combined oils significantly inhibited the growth of ISPA-causing bacteria, especially S. aureus and E. coli.

By aligning with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), the research provides a safe, effective alternative for treating infectious diseases while reducing dependence on antibiotics. Additionally, repurposing lemon peel waste into essential oil supports SDG 13 (Climate Action) by minimizing household waste and cutting emissions from synthetic drug manufacturing.

Author: Nayla Aziza Dwigusfita

Editor: Yulia Rohmawati